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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/56972
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Changes in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a long-term continuous maize-wheat cropping system in India |
Author: | Setia, R. Sharma, K. Marschner, P. Singh, H. |
Citation: | Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2009; 40(21-22):3348-3366 |
Publisher: | Marcel Dekker Inc |
Issue Date: | 2009 |
ISSN: | 0010-3624 1532-2416 |
Statement of Responsibility: | R. Setia, K. N. Sharma, P. Marschner & H. Singh |
Abstract: | In a long-term maize-wheat rotation at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India (subtropical climate), the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) addition on soil fertility and forms of inorganic P and K in the plow layer of an alkaline sandy loam soil were measured after 11 and 22 years of cropping. The treatments comprised four rates of N (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha-1) as urea, three rates of P (0, 17.5, and 35 kg P ha-1) as single superphosphate, and two rates of K (0 and 33 kg K ha-1) as muriate of potash. The treatments selected for the present study were N0P0K0, N120P0K0, N120P17.5K0, N120P35K0, N120P17.5K33, and N120P35K33. A significant year × treatment interaction in decreasing available N [alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO4)-oxidizable N) status of soils was found in all the treatments. Available P (Olsen P) in the control plot decreased over time whereas in plots with added P, available P increased significantly after years 11 and 22, with the greatest increase in the N120P17.5Ko treatment. Compared to the initial values, continuous P fertilization resulted in greater total P and chloride P concentrations after 11 and 22 years. Although sodium hydroxide (NaOH) P and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) P increased in P-treated plots from the start of the trial to year 11, they decreased from year 11 to year 22. Among these inorganic P forms, chloride P was significantly positively correlated with P uptake (r = 0.811*). When only N and P were applied, available K [ammonium acetate (NH4OAc)-extractable K] significantly decreased over time. In plots without K addition, water-soluble and exchangeable K decreased from their initial status. Compared to year 11, water-soluble K increased, whereas exchangeable K decreased after year 22 in plots receiving no K fertilizer. Compared with NPK treatments, a significant decrease of total K in NP treatment plots suggests the release and uptake of nonexchangeable K. Water-soluble K and exchangeable K were not correlated with K uptake. These results suggest that long-term application of P fertilizers resulted in the accumulation of P in the soil, which could have resulted in saturation of P binding sites. Of the soil inorganic P fractions, only chloride P appears to be a good indicator of plant-available P. The gradual loss in native soil K and release of nonexchangeable K indicates the need for adding K fertilizer to maintain soil fertility. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. |
Keywords: | K forms long-term fertilization nutrient uptake P forms soil fertility |
Description: | Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC |
DOI: | 10.1080/00103620903325950 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103620903325950 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 5 Environment Institute publications Soil and Land Systems publications |
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