Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://hdl.handle.net/2440/79097
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Treating depression and depression-like behavior with physical activity: An immune perspective |
Author: | Eyre, H. Papps, E. Baune, B. |
Citation: | Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2013; 4(FEB):1-27 |
Publisher: | Frontiers Research Foundation |
Issue Date: | 2013 |
ISSN: | 1664-0640 1664-0640 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Harris A. Eyre, Evan Papps and Bernhard T. Baune |
Abstract: | The increasing burden of major depressive disorder makes the search for an extended understanding of etiology, and for the development of additional treatments highly significant. Biological factors may be useful biomarkers for treatment with physical activity (PA), and neurobiological effects of PA may herald new therapeutic development in the future. This paper provides a thorough and up-to-date review of studies examining the neuroimmunomodulatory effects of PA on the brain in depression and depression-like behaviors. From a neuroimmune perspective, evidence suggests PA does enhance the beneficial and reduce the detrimental effects of the neuroimmune system. PA appears to increase the following factors: interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6 (acutely), macrophage migration inhibitory factor, central nervous system-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells, M2 microglia, quiescent astrocytes, CX3CL1, and insulin-like growth factor-1. On the other hand, PA appears to reduce detrimental neuroimmune factors such as: Th1/Th2 balance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, M1 microglia, and reactive astrocytes. The effect of other mechanisms is unknown, such as: CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (T regs), CD200, chemokines, miRNA, M2-type blood-derived macrophages, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [via receptor 2 (R2)]. The beneficial effects of PA are likely to occur centrally and peripherally (e.g., in visceral fat reduction). The investigation of the neuroimmune effects of PA on depression and depression-like behavior is a rapidly developing and important field. |
Keywords: | physical activity exercise depression psychiatry immune neurobiology |
Rights: | © 2013 Eyre, Papps and Baune. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc. |
DOI: | 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00003 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00003 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 4 Psychiatry publications |
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hdl_79097.pdf | Published version | 1.15 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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