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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/75826
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Long-term breeding phenology shift in royal penguins |
Author: | Hindell, M. Bradshaw, C. Brook, B. Fordham, D. Knowles, K. Hull, C. McMahon, C. |
Citation: | Ecology and Evolution, 2012; 2(7):1563-1571 |
Publisher: | John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
Issue Date: | 2012 |
ISSN: | 2045-7758 2045-7758 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Mark A. Hindell, Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Barry W. Brook, Damien A. Fordham, Knowles Kerry, Cindy Hull & Clive R. McMahon |
Abstract: | The Earth's climate is undergoing rapid warming, unprecedented in recent times, which is driving shifts in the distribution and phenology of many plants and animals. Quantifying changes in breeding phenology is important for understanding how populations respond to these changes. While data on shifts in phenology are common for Northern Hemisphere species (especially birds), there is a dearth of evidence from the Southern Hemisphere, and even fewer data available from the marine environment. Surface air temperatures at Macquarie Island have increased by 0.62°C during the 30-year study period (0.21°C decade−1) and royal penguins (Eudyptes schlegeli) commenced egg laying on average three days earlier in the 1990s than during the 1960s. This contrasts with other studies of Southern Ocean seabirds; five of nine species are now breeding on average 2.1 days later than during the 1950s. Despite the different direction of these trends, they can be explained by a single underlying mechanism: resource availability. There was a negative relationship between the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and median laying date of royal penguins, such that low-productivity (low SAM) years delayed laying date. This accords with the observations of other seabird species from the Antarctic, where later laying dates were associated with lower sea ice and lower spring productivity. The unifying factor underpinning phenological trends in eastern Antarctica is therefore resource availability; as food becomes scarcer, birds breed later. These changes are not uniform across the region, however, with resource increases in the subantarctic and decreases in eastern Antarctica. |
Keywords: | Antarctica egg laying date global warming reproduction seabirds |
Rights: | © 2012 The Authors.Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. |
DOI: | 10.1002/ece3.281 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.281 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 4 Earth and Environmental Sciences publications Environment Institute Leaders publications |
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hdl_75826.pdf | Published version | 703.06 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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