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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/51567
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Instability of Plastid DNA in the Nuclear Genome |
Author: | Sheppard, A. Timmis, J. |
Citation: | PLoS Genetics, 2009; 5(1):323-323 |
Publisher: | Public Library of Science |
Issue Date: | 2009 |
ISSN: | 1553-7390 1553-7404 |
Editor: | Copenhaver, G.P. |
Statement of Responsibility: | Anna E. Sheppard and Jeremy N. Timmis |
Abstract: | Functional gene transfer from the plastid (chloroplast) and mitochondrial genomes to the nucleus has been an important driving force in eukaryotic evolution. Non-functional DNA transfer is far more frequent, and the frequency of such transfers from the plastid to the nucleus has been determined experimentally in tobacco using transplastomic lines containing, in their plastid genome, a kanamycin resistance gene (neo) readymade for nuclear expression. Contrary to expectations, non-Mendelian segregation of the kanamycin resistance phenotype is seen in progeny of some lines in which neo has been transferred to the nuclear genome. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the instability of kanamycin resistance in nine of these lines, and we show that it is due to deletion of neo. Four lines showed instability with variation between progeny derived from different areas of the same plant, suggesting a loss of neo during somatic cell division. One line showed a consistent reduction in the proportion of kanamycin-resistant progeny, suggesting a loss of neo during meiosis, and the remaining four lines were relatively stable. To avoid genomic enlargement, the high frequency of plastid DNA integration into the nuclear genome necessitates a counterbalancing removal process. This is the first demonstration of such loss involving a high proportion of recent nuclear integrants. We propose that insertion, deletion, and rearrangement of plastid sequences in the nuclear genome are important evolutionary processes in the generation of novel nuclear genes. This work is also relevant in the context of transgenic plant research and crop production, because similar processes to those described here may be involved in the loss of plant transgenes. |
Keywords: | Cell Nucleus Plastids Plants, Genetically Modified Tobacco DNA, Chloroplast Kanamycin Resistance Base Sequence Phenotype Genome, Plant Molecular Sequence Data Genome, Plastid |
Rights: | Copyright: © 2009 Sheppard, Timmis. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000323 |
Grant ID: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP0557496 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP0667006 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000323 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest Molecular and Biomedical Science publications |
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