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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/136635
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Surfactant Effects on Hydrogen Evolution by Small-Molecule Nonfullerene Acceptor Nanoparticles |
Author: | Dolan, A. de la Perrelle, J.M. Small, T.D. Milsom, E.R. Metha, G.F. Pan, X. Andersson, M.R. Huang, D.M. Kee, T.W. |
Citation: | ACS Applied Nano Material, 2022; 5(9):12154-12164 |
Publisher: | American Chemical Society (ACS) |
Issue Date: | 2022 |
ISSN: | 2574-0970 2574-0970 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Andrew Dolan, Jessica M. de la Perrelle, Thomas D. Small, Emily R. Milsom, Gregory F. Metha, Xun Pan, Mats R. Andersson, David M. Huang, and Tak W. Kee |
Abstract: | Organic donor:acceptor semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) formed through the miniemulsion method have been shown to be active photocatalysts. Here, we report photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution under sacrificial conditions with Pt as a cocatalyst by NPs comprising only the nonfullerene acceptor Y6, stabilized by either sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or the thiophene-containing surfactant 2-(3-thienyl)ethyloxybutylsulfonate sodium salt (TEBS). Typically, changes in the photocatalytic activity of donor:acceptor NPs are associated with differences in morphology due to the use of surfactants. However, as these NPs are single component, their photocatalytic activity has a significantly lower dependence on morphology than two component donor:acceptor NPs. Results from ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy show a minor difference between the photophysics of the TEBS- and SDS-stabilized Y6 NPs, with free charges present with either surfactant. The similar photophysics suggest that both TEBS- and SDS-stabilized Y6 NPs would be expected to have similar rates of H2 evolution. However, the results from photocatalysis show that Y6 NPs stabilized by TEBS have a H2 evolution rate 21 times higher than that of the SDS-stabilized NPs under broadband solar-like illumination (400−900 nm). Transmission electron microscopy images of the Y6 NPs show effective photodeposition of Pt on the surface of the TEBS-stabilized NPs. In contrast, photodeposition of Pt is inhibited when SDS is used. Furthermore, the ζ potential of the NPs is higher in magnitude when SDS is present. Hence, we hypothesize that SDS forms a dense, insulating layer on the NP surface which hinders the photodeposition of Pt and reduces the rate of H2 evolution. This insulating effect is absent for TEBS-stabilized Y6 NPs, allowing a high rate of H2 evolution. The TEBS-stabilized Y6 NPs have a H2 evolution rate higher than most single-component organic photocatalysts, signaling the potential use of the Y-series acceptors for H2 evolution in Z-scheme photocatalysis. |
Keywords: | nonfullerene acceptors; nanoparticles; organic semiconductors; hydrogen evolution; photocatalysis; organic photocatalysis; surfactants |
Rights: | © 2022 American Chemical Society |
DOI: | 10.1021/acsanm.2c02350 |
Grant ID: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP160103797 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP220102900 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE0989747 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE200100051 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c02350 |
Appears in Collections: | Chemistry and Physics publications |
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