Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://hdl.handle.net/2440/102376
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Risk factors of direct heat-related hospital admissions during the 2009 heatwave in Adelaide, Australia: a matched case-control study |
Author: | Zhang, Y. Nitschke, M. Krackowizer, A. Dear, K. Pisaniello, D. Weinstein, P. Tucker, G. Shakib, S. Bi, P. |
Citation: | BMJ Open, 2016; 6(6):e010666-1-e010666-7 |
Publisher: | BMJ PPublishing Group Ltd |
Issue Date: | 2016 |
ISSN: | 2044-6055 2044-6055 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Y. Zhang, M. Nitschke, A. Krackowizer, K. Dear, D. Pisaniello, P. Weinstein, G. Tucker, S. Shakib, P. Bi |
Abstract: | Objective: The extreme heatwave of 2009 in South Australia dramatically increased morbidity, with a 14-fold increase in direct heat-related hospitalisation in metropolitan Adelaide. Our study aimed to identify risk factors for the excess morbidity. Design: A matched case–control study of risk factors was conducted. Setting: Patients and matched community controls were interviewed to gather data on demographics, living environment, social support, health status and behaviour changes during the heatwave. Participants: Cases were all hospital admissions with heat-related diagnoses during the 5-day heatwave in 2009. Controls were randomly selected from communities. Outcome measures: Descriptive analyses, simple and multiple conditional logistic regressions were performed. Adjusted ORs (AORs) were estimated. Results: In total, 143 hospital patients and 143 matched community controls were interviewed, with a mean age of 73 years (SD 21), 96% European ethnicity, 63% retired, 36% with high school or higher education, and 8% institutional living. The regression model indicated that compared with the controls, cases were more likely to have heart disease (AOR=13.56, 95% CI 1.27 to 144.86) and dementia (AOR=26.43, 95% CI 1.99 to 350.73). The protective factors included higher education level (AOR=0.48, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.99), having air-conditioner in the bedroom (AOR=0.12, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.74), having an emergency button (AOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.96), using refreshment (AOR=0.10, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.84), and having more social activities (AOR=0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.57). Conclusions: Pre-existing heart disease and dementia significantly increase the risk of direct heat-related hospitalisations during heatwaves. The presence of an air-conditioner in the bedroom, more social activities, a higher education level, use of emergency buttons and refreshments reduce the risk during heatwaves. |
Keywords: | Humans Patient Admission Morbidity Logistic Models Risk Factors Case-Control Studies Disasters Aged Aged, 80 and over Middle Aged Emergency Service, Hospital South Australia Female Male Extreme Heat Protective Factors |
Rights: | Copyright status unknown. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. |
DOI: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010666 |
Grant ID: | ARC ARC |
Published version: | http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/6/e010666 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 7 Public Health publications |
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hdl_102376.pdf | Published Version | 781.75 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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