Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/99883
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Type: Journal article
Title: Bias and precision of the "multiple imputation, then deletion" method for dealing with missing outcome data
Author: Sullivan, T.
Salter, A.
Ryan, P.
Lee, K.
Citation: American Journal of Epidemiology, 2015; 182(6):528-534
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Issue Date: 2015
ISSN: 0002-9262
1476-6256
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Thomas R. Sullivan, Amy B. Salter, Philip Ryan and Katherine J. Lee
Abstract: Multiple imputation (MI) is increasingly being used to handle missing data in epidemiologic research. When data on both the exposure and the outcome are missing, an alternative to standard MI is the "multiple imputation, then deletion" (MID) method, which involves deleting imputed outcomes prior to analysis. While MID has been shown to provide efficiency gains over standard MI when analysis and imputation models are the same, the performance of MID in the presence of auxiliary variables for the incomplete outcome is not well understood. Using simulated data, we evaluated the performance of standard MI and MID in regression settings where data were missing on both the outcome and the exposure and where an auxiliary variable associated with the incomplete outcome was included in the imputation model. When the auxiliary variable was unrelated to missingness in the outcome, both standard MI and MID produced negligible bias when estimating regression parameters, with standard MI being more efficient in most settings. However, when the auxiliary variable was also associated with missingness in the outcome, alarmingly MID produced markedly biased parameter estimates. On the basis of these results, we recommend that researchers use standard MI rather than MID in the presence of auxiliary variables associated with an incomplete outcome.
Keywords: Auxiliary variables; epidemiologic methods; missing data; multiple imputation; simulation
Rights: © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved.
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv100
Grant ID: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1053609
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv100
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