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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/76075
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Individual development of preschool children - prevalences and determinants of delays in Germany: a cross-sectional study in Southern Bavaria |
Author: | Stich, H. Baune, B. Caniato, R. Mikolajczyk, R. Kraemer, A. |
Citation: | BMC Pediatrics, 2012; 12(188):1-9 |
Publisher: | BioMed Central Ltd. |
Issue Date: | 2012 |
ISSN: | 1471-2431 1471-2431 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Heribert L Stich, Bernhard Th Baune, Riccardo N Caniato, Rafael T Mikolajczyk and Alexander Krämer |
Abstract: | Background: Even minor abnormalities of early child development may have dramatic long term consequences. Accurate prevalence rates for a range of developmental impairments have been difficult to establish. Since related studies have used different methodological approaches, direct comparisons of the prevalence of developmental delays are difficult. The understanding of the key factors affecting child development, especially in preschool aged children remains limited. We used data from school entry examinations in Bavaria to measure the prevalence of developmental impairments in pre-school children beginning primary school in 1997–2009. Methods: The developmental impairments of all school beginners in the district of Dingolfing- Landau, Bavaria were assessed using modified “Bavarian School Entry Model” examination from 1997 to 2009 (N=13,182). The children were assessed for motor, cognitive, language and psychosocial impairments using a standardised medical protocol. Prevalence rates of impairments in twelve domains of development were estimated. Using uni- and multivariable logistic regression models, association between selected factors and development delays were assessed. Results: The highest prevalence existed for impairments of pronunciation (13.8%) followed by fine motor impairments (12.2%), and impairments of memory and concentration (11.3%) and the lowest for impairments of rhythm of speech (3.1%). Younger children displayed more developmental delays. Male gender was strongly associated with all developmental impairments (highest risk for fine motor impairments = OR 3.22, 95% confidence interval 2.86-3.63). Preschool children with siblings (vs. children without any siblings) were at higher risk of having impairments in pronunciation (OR 1.31, 1.14-1.50). The influence of the non-German nationality was strong, with a maximum risk increase for the subareas of grammar and psychosocial development. Although children with non-German nationality had a reduced risk of disorders for the rhythm of speech and pronunciation, in all other 10 subareas their risk was increased. Conclusions: In preschool children, most common were delays of pronunciation, memory and concentration. Age effects suggest that delays can spontaneously resolve, but providing support at school entry might be helpful. Boys and migrant children appear at high risk of developmental problems, which may warrant tailored intervention strategies. |
Keywords: | Humans Prevalence Multivariate Analysis Logistic Models Risk Factors Cross-Sectional Studies Developmental Disabilities Psychological Tests Age Factors Sex Factors Child Child, Preschool Germany Female Male Emigrants and Immigrants |
Description: | The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/12/188 Extent: 9p. |
Rights: | © 2012 Stich et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
DOI: | 10.1186/1471-2431-12-188 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-188 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest Psychiatry publications |
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hdl_76075.pdf | Published version | 155.43 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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