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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/75502
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Biochar carbon stability in a clayey soil as a function of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature |
Author: | Singh, B. Cowie, A. Smernik, R. |
Citation: | Environmental Science and Technology (Washington), 2012; 46(21):11770-11778 |
Publisher: | Amer Chemical Soc |
Issue Date: | 2012 |
ISSN: | 0013-936X 1520-5851 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Bhupinder Pal Singh, Annette L. Cowie, and Ronald J. Smernik |
Abstract: | The stability of biochar carbon (C) is the major determinant of its value for long-term C sequestration in soil. A long-term (5 year) laboratory experiment was conducted under controlled conditions using 11 biochars made from five C3 biomass feedstocks (Eucalyptus saligna wood and leaves, papermill sludge, poultry litter, cow manure) at 400 and/or 550 °C. The biochars were incubated in a vertisol containing organic C from a predominantly C4-vegetation source, and total CO(2)-C and associated δ(13)C were periodically measured. Between 0.5% and 8.9% of the biochar C was mineralized over 5 years. The C in manure-based biochars mineralized faster than that in plant-based biochars, and C in 400 °C biochars mineralized faster than that in corresponding 550 °C biochars. The estimated mean residence time (MRT) of C in biochars varied between 90 and 1600 years. These are conservative estimates because they represent MRT of relatively labile and intermediate-stability biochar C components. Furthermore, biochar C MRT is likely to be higher under field conditions of lower moisture, lower temperatures or nutrient availability constraints. Strong relationships of biochar C stability with the initial proportion of nonaromatic C and degree of aromatic C condensation in biochar support the use of these properties to predict biochar C stability in soil. |
Keywords: | Animals Poultry Cattle Eucalyptus Plant Leaves Aluminum Silicates Carbon Manure Soil Industrial Waste Temperature Paper Wood Clay |
Rights: | Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society |
DOI: | 10.1021/es302545b |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es302545b |
Appears in Collections: | Agriculture, Food and Wine publications Aurora harvest |
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