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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/59093
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri |
Author: | Gaines, T. Zhang, W. Wang, D. Bukun, B. Chisholm, S. Shaner, D. Nissen, S. Patzoldt, W. Tranel, P. Stanley Culpepper, A. Grey, T. Webster, T. Vencill, W. Sammons, R. Jiang, J. Preston, C. Leach, J. Westra, P. |
Citation: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 2010; 107(3):1029-1034 |
Publisher: | Natl Acad Sciences |
Issue Date: | 2010 |
ISSN: | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Todd A. Gaines, Wenli Zhang, Dafu Wang, Bekir Bukun, Stephen T. Chisholm, Dale L. Shaner, Scott J. Nissen, William L. Patzoldt, Patrick J. Tranel, A. Stanley Culpepper, Timothy L. Grey, Theodore M. Webster, William K. Vencill, R. Douglas Sammons, Jiming Jiang, Christopher Preston, Jan E. Leach, and Philip Westra |
Abstract: | The herbicide glyphosate became widely used in the United States and other parts of the world after the commercialization of glyphosate- resistant crops. These crops have constitutive overexpression of a glyphosate-insensitive form of the herbicide target site gene, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Increaseduse of glyphosate overmultiple years imposes selective genetic pressure on weed populations. We investigated recently discovered glyphosate- resistant Amaranthus palmer i populations from Georgia, in comparison with normally sensitive populations. EPSPS enzyme activity from resistant and susceptible plants was equally inhibited by glyphosate, which led us to use quantitative PCR to measure relative copy numbers of the EPSPS gene. Genomes of resistant plants contained from5-foldtomore than160-foldmore copies of the EPSPSgenethan did genomes of susceptible plants. Quantitative RT-PCR on cDNA revealed that EPSPS expression was positively correlated with genomic EPSPS relative copy number. Immunoblot analyses showed that increased EPSPS protein level also correlated with EPSPS genomic copy number. EPSPS gene amplification was heritable, correlated with resistance in pseudo-F2 populations, and is proposed to be the molecular basis of glyphosate resistance. FISH revealed that EPSPS genes were present on every chromosome and, therefore, gene amplification was likely not caused by unequal chromosome crossing over. This occurrence of geneamplification as an herbicide resistance mechanism in a naturally occurring weed population is particularly significant because it could threaten the sustainable use of glyphosate- resistant crop technology. |
Keywords: | 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase herbicide resistance mobile genetic element evolution Palmer amaranth |
Rights: | © Authors |
DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.0906649107 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906649107 |
Appears in Collections: | Agriculture, Food and Wine publications Aurora harvest 5 |
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