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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/5301
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Predicting nose projection and pronasale position in facial approximation: A test of published methods and proposal of new guidelines |
Author: | Stephan, C. Henneberg, M. Sampson, W. |
Citation: | American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2003; 122(3):240-250 |
Publisher: | Wiley-Liss |
Issue Date: | 2003 |
ISSN: | 0002-9483 1096-8644 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Carl N. Stephan, Maciej Henneberg, Wayne Sampson |
Abstract: | Many prediction guidelines exist in facial approximation for determining the soft-tissue features of the face, and the reliability of each is generally unknown. This study examines four published and commonly used soft-tissue prediction guidelines for estimating nose projection, two of which also estimate the position of the pronasale. The methods tested are those described by: 1) Gerasimov ([1971] The Face Finder; London: Hutchinson & Co.), using the distal third of the nasal bones and the nasal spine; 2) Krogman ([1962] The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine; Springfield: Charles C. Thomas), using the average soft-tissue depth at midphiltrum, plus three times the length of the nasal spine (and a variation of this technique: plus three times the distance of the tip of the nasal spine from the nasal aperture); 3) Prokopec and Ubelaker ([2002] Forensic Sci Commun 4:1-4), using the reflected profile line of the nasal aperture; and 4) George ([1987] J Forensic Sci 32:1305-1330), using a variation of the Goode method. Four identical hard-tissue tracings were made of 59 adult lateral head cephlograms (29 males, mean age 24, SD 10 years; 30 females, mean age 23, SD 5 years) on separate sheets of tracing paper. One soft-tissue tracing was also made for each radiograph. All tracings were marked with three identical reference points. Soft-tissue tracings were isolated from one of us (C.N.S.), who attempted under blind conditions to predict pronasale position and nose projection on the hard-tissue tracings, using the soft-tissue prediction guides above. Actual soft-tissue tracings were then compared to each of the predicted tracings, and differences in projection/pronasale position were measured. Results indicate that for nose projection, methods 3 and 4 performed well, while methods 1 and 2 performed poorly. Features which are most related to nose projection/pronasale are described in this paper, as are regression equations generated from these variables that predict pronasale/nose projection better than the traditional methods mentioned above. The results of this study are significant because they: 1) indicate that the popular facial approximation methods used to build the nose are inaccurate and produce incorrect nose anatomy; and 2) indicate that the new pronasale prediction methods developed here appear to have less error than traditional methods. |
Keywords: | Face Nose Skull Humans Cephalometry Regression Analysis Sensitivity and Specificity Sex Characteristics Anthropology, Physical Adult Female Male Guidelines as Topic |
Description: | The definitive version may be found at www.interscience.wiley.com |
DOI: | 10.1002/ajpa.10300 |
Published version: | http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/104530361/ABSTRACT |
Appears in Collections: | Anatomical Sciences publications Aurora harvest Dentistry publications |
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