Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/132397
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Type: Journal article
Title: Risk factors for acquisition of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales among international travellers: A synthesis of cumulative evidence
Author: Furuya-Kanamori, L.
Stone, J.
Yakob, L.
Kirk, M.
Collignon, P.
Mills, D.J.
Lau, C.L.
Citation: Journal of Travel Medicine, 2020; 27(1):1-10
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Issue Date: 2020
ISSN: 1195-1982
1708-8305
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Jennifer Stone, Laith Yakob, Martyn Kirk, Peter Collignon, Deborah J Mills, Colleen L Lau
Abstract: Background Recent studies have shown that over 50% of people travelling to Southeast Asia return colonized with multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MRE) including carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. Importation of MRE by travellers and subsequent spread to family members, communities and healthcare facilities poses real risks that have not yet been adequately assessed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the risk factors and interventions for reducing the risk of MRE acquisition among international travellers. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for analytical epidemiological studies containing data post-2000 that assessed the risk factors to acquire and/or interventions to reduce the risk of MRE acquisition in travellers. Two researchers independently screened all the studies and extracted the information, and disagreements were resolved through consensus. The proportions of MRE acquisition by the region of destination and the odds ratio (OR) for the different risk factors and/or interventions were pooled using the inverse variance heterogeneity model. Results A total of 20 studies (5253 travellers from high-income countries) were included in the meta-analysis. South Asia [58.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 44.5–72.5%] and Northern Africa (43.9%; 95% CI 37.6–50.3%) were the travel destinations with the highest proportion of MRE acquisition. Inflammatory bowel disease (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2–3.8), use of antibiotics (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.9–3.0), traveller’s diarrhoea (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3–2.3) and contact with the healthcare system overseas (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1–2.2) were associated with MRE colonization. Vegetarians (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–2.0) and backpackers (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8) were also at increased odds of MRE colonization. Few studies (n = 6) investigated preventive measures and found that consuming only bottled water/beverages, meticulous hand hygiene and probiotics had no protective effect on MRE colonization. Conclusions International travel is an important driver for MRE spread worldwide. Future research needs to identify effective interventions to reduce the risk of MRE acquisition as well as design strategies to reduce local transmission on return.
Keywords: Antibiotic; antimicrobial; resistance; transmission; carriage; meta-analysis; enterobacteriacea
Rights: © International Society of Travel Medicine 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)
DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taz083
Grant ID: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1158469
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1109035
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1145997
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taz083
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