Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/117844
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Type: Journal article
Title: Spiropyran-based nanocarrier: a new Zn²⁺-responsive delivery system with real-time intracellular sensing capabilities
Other Titles: Spiropyran-based nanocarrier: a new Zn2+ -responsive delivery system with real-time intracellular sensing capabilities
Author: Heng, S.
Zhang, X.
Pei, J.
Adwal, A.
Reineck, P.
Gibson, B.C.
Hutchinson, M.R.
Abell, A.D.
Citation: Chemistry: A European Journal, 2019; 25(3):854-862
Publisher: Wiley
Issue Date: 2019
ISSN: 0947-6539
1521-3765
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Sabrina Heng, Xiaozhou Zhang, Jinxin Pei, Alaknanda Adwal, Philipp Reineck, Brant C. Gibson, Mark R. Hutchinson and Andrew D. Abell
Abstract: A new spiropyran-based stimuli-responsive delivery system is fabricated. It encapsulates and then releases an extraneous compound in response to elevated levels of Zn²⁺ , a critical factor in cell apoptosis. A C₁₂-alkyl substituent on the spiropyran promotes self-assembly into a micelle-like nanocarrier in aqueous media, with nanoprecipitation and encapsulation of added payload. Zn²⁺ binding occurs to an appended bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine group at biologically relevant micromolar concentration. This leads to switching of the spiropyran (SP) isomer to the strongly fluorescent ring opened merocyanine-Zn²⁺ (MC-Zn²⁺ ) complex, with associated expansion of the nanocarriers to release the encapsulated payload. Payload release is demonstrated in solution and in HEK293 cells by encapsulation of a blue fluorophore, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and monitoring its release using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. Furthermore, the use of the nanocarriers to deliver a caspase inhibitor, Azure B, into apoptotic cells in response to an elevated Zn²⁺ concentration is demonstrated. This then inhibits intracellular caspase activity, as evidenced by confocal microscopy and in real-time by time-lapsed microscopy. Finally, the nanocarriers are shown to release an encapsulated proteasome inhibitor (5) in Zn²⁺ -treated breast carcinoma cell line models. This then inhibits intracellular proteasome and induces cytotoxicity to the carcinoma cells.
Keywords: Apoptosis; fluorescence; metal ions; payload delivery; spiropyran-based nanocarrier
Rights: © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804816
Grant ID: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/CE140100003
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201804816
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