Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/105986
Citations
Scopus Web of Science® Altmetric
?
?
Type: Journal article
Title: Biological processing of dinuclear ruthenium complexes in eukaryotic cells
Author: Li, X.
Heimann, K.
Dinh, X.
Keene, F.
Collins, J.
Citation: Molecular Biosystems, 2016; 12(10):3032-3045
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Issue Date: 2016
ISSN: 1742-206X
1742-2051
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Xin Li, Kirsten Heimann, Xuyen Thi Dinh, F. Richard Keene and J. Grant Collins
Abstract: The biological processing - mechanism of cellular uptake, effects on the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes, intracellular sites of localisation and induction of reactive oxygen species - of two dinuclear polypyridylruthenium(ii) complexes has been examined in three eukaryotic cells lines. Flow cytometry was used to determine the uptake of [{Ru(phen)2}2{μ-bb12}](4+) (Rubb12) and [Ru(phen)2(μ-bb7)Ru(tpy)Cl](3+) {Rubb7-Cl, where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and bbn = bis[4(4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)]-1,n-alkane} in baby hamster kidney (BHK), human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. The results demonstrated that the major uptake mechanism for Rubb12 and Rubb7-Cl was active transport, although with a significant contribution from carrier-assisted diffusion for Rubb12 and passive diffusion for Rubb7-Cl. Flow cytometry coupled with Annexin V/TO-PRO-3 double-staining was used to compare cell death by membrane damage or apoptosis. Rubb12 induced significant direct membrane damage, particularly with HepG2 cells, while Rubb7-Cl caused considerably less membrane damage but induced greater levels of apoptosis. Confocal microscopy, coupled with JC-1 assays, demonstrated that Rubb12 depolarises the mitochondrial membrane, whereas Rubb7-Cl had a much smaller affect. Cellular localisation experiments indicated that Rubb12 did not accumulate in the mitochondria, whereas significant mitochondrial accumulation was observed for Rubb7-Cl. The effect of Rubb12 and Rubb7-Cl on intracellular superoxide dismutase activity showed that the ruthenium complexes could induce cell death via a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway. The results of this study demonstrate that Rubb12 predominantly kills eukaryotic cells by damaging the cytoplasmic membrane. As this dinuclear ruthenium complex has been previously shown to exhibit greater toxicity towards bacteria than eukaryotic cells, the results of the present study suggest that metal-based cationic oligomers can achieve selective toxicity against bacteria, despite exhibiting a non-specific membrane damage mechanism of action.
Keywords: Cell Line
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cells
Animals
Humans
Ruthenium
Reactive Oxygen Species
Cation Transport Proteins
Adenosine Triphosphate
Flow Cytometry
Temperature
Apoptosis
Cell Membrane Permeability
Molecular Structure
Biological Transport
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
Rights: This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016. Open Access Article. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00431h
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6mb00431h
Appears in Collections:Aurora harvest 8
Biochemistry publications

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
hdl_105986.pdfPublished version3.84 MBAdobe PDFView/Open


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.