混合还是复苏：以色列语的起源——多来源，形式和模式

Abstract

提要本文旨在提出由于多起源的广泛存在, 如果没有复苏者母语的影响, 一种不再使用的语言的复苏是不可能的。因此, 可以设想复苏的努力会导致产生一种无论从起源还是类型上都带混合特征的语言。多来源反映在重合原则(Congruence Principle) 上。虽然以色列语大多数的形式是闪米特语言的, 但它的模式很多是欧洲语言的。以色列语的多来源本质及其产生时重合原则的作用对历史语言学语言计划和语言、文化及个性的研究都有启示作用 = The aim of this article is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous multiple causation, the revival of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists’ mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybridic genetic and typological character. Multiple causation is manifested in the Congruence Principle. Whereas most forms of Israeli are Semitic, many of its patterns are European. The multi-sourced nature of Israeli and the role of the Congruence Principle in its genesis have implications for historical linguistics, language planning and the study of language, culture and identity.